11.1. ECOSYSTEM DICTIONARY (#-H)

#0-9:

51% Attack: A significant threat to cryptocurrency network security where an individual or group gains control over the majority of the network's miners, potentially altering operational protocols.

2FA (Two-Factor Authentication): A security measure requiring users to provide a second factor alongside their username and password for account access.

A

Aave: A decentralized finance (DeFi) application allowing users to borrow or lend stablecoins and altcoins. It offers flash loans without collateral.

Aave Token (AAVE): An Ethereum-based ERC-20 token serving as the governance coin of the Aave protocol.

Address: An alphanumeric character sequence used for transfers on the Bitcoin network, also representable as a QR code.

Admin Key: A credential granting exclusive access to modify a protocol or smart contract.

Airdrop: A program distributing free crypto assets to users' wallets to increase visibility and satisfy investors.

Air-Gap: A cybersecurity concept protecting devices by keeping them disconnected from the internet or open networks.

Altcoin: Cryptocurrencies serving as alternatives to Bitcoin, such as Litecoin, Ethereum, and XRP.

AML (Anti-Money Laundering): Measures implemented to prevent the conversion of illegally acquired funds into legal assets.

Arbitrage: A trading strategy exploiting price discrepancies for the same asset across different markets to generate profit.

ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit): A silicon chip specifically engineered for a singular task, often used in Bitcoin mining.

ASIC Miner: A device incorporating ASIC chips, designed for efficient Bitcoin mining with low electricity consumption and high processing power.

ATH (All-Time High): Occurs when a cryptocurrency's value surpasses its previous peak price level.

ATL (All-Time Low): Represents the lowest market capitalization of a cryptocurrency.

B

BASE Network: Base is Coinbase's Layer 2 blockchain, built on Ethereum for faster, low-cost dApp scaling using Optimistic Rollups.

Base NFT: Gameness offers Base NFT’s tied to Base Points, which unlock platform privileges and rewards. Holding Gameness tokens ($GNESS) and NFTs is essential for becoming a Nessie (DAO Member), enabling influence over game choices and planning.

Bear Market: A market condition characterized by a significant decline over a specific period, contrasting with a bull market.

BEP-2: A protocol delineating Binance's specific guidelines for the programming, issuance, and management of new cryptocurrencies.

BEP-20: A token standard enhancing the functionality of ERC-20 and BEP-2 tokens on the BNB Chain, allowing cross-blockchain transfers.

BEP-95: A protocol designed to accelerate the BNB burning process and enhance the decentralization of the BNB Chain.

Bitcoiner: An individual who invests in Bitcoin and actively promotes its adoption.

Bitcointalk: A Bitcoin forum established by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009, which remains actively operational.

Bitcoin: A digital currency denoted by the symbol "฿" and abbreviated as BTC.

Bitcoin Investment Trust: A private, open-ended fund exclusively investing in Bitcoin, allowing individuals to invest without direct purchase or storage.

Bitcoin Rainbow Chart: A visualization tool presenting real-time Bitcoin prices and market activity.

Bitcoin Transaction Input: Indicates the source of a Bitcoin payment in a transaction.

BitPay: A payment processing company providing infrastructure for businesses to accept Bitcoin payments.

Bitstamp: A prominent Bitcoin exchange platform facilitating buying and selling of Bitcoin for fiat currencies.

Block: A record verifying and encompassing numerous transactions awaiting confirmation on the blockchain.

Block Reward: Compensation awarded to a miner who successfully generates a new block on the blockchain.

Blockchain: A public ledger of all Bitcoin transactions, organized chronologically and accessible to all users.

Bollinger Bands: A technical analysis technique using moving averages and standard deviation to analyze market volatility.

Bowl/Reverse Bowl Formation: Trend reversal patterns indicating the end of rising or falling trends.

Bread Rewards: A program offering incentives to users of the Bread platform for various activities.

BRC-20: A token contract standard developed through ordinals and inscriptions, enabling Bitcoin network to function as an exchange.

BTC: The currency symbol for Bitcoin.

Bull Market: A period characterized by a sustained increase in asset prices, indicating a buying trend among investors.

Burn and Reward Systems: Token burn mechanisms are implemented to ensure scarcity and long-term value in cryptocurrency ecosystems. Users can burn tokens to unlock higher-level benefits, such as premium services, discounts, and exclusive rewards, positively impacting the token's price. (For example, Gameness implements this system with $GNESS Tokens, allowing brands and users to burn tokens for various ecosystem benefits.)

C

CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency): Digital currencies issued by nations and overseen by central banks.

CEX (Centralized Exchange): Abbreviation for centralized cryptocurrency exchanges.

CFTC (Commodity Futures Trading Commission): A U.S. government agency regulating commodity futures and options markets.

Chainlink (LINK): A decentralized oracle network delivering real-world data to smart contracts on the blockchain.

Chargeback: The process of refunding an amount paid via credit card or PayPal when goods or services are not received as expected.

Client (Software Program): A software application connecting to the network to facilitate transactions, potentially including a Bitcoin wallet.

Closed Loop Payment Networks: Systems where consumers deposit funds into accounts for use exclusively with particular merchants.

Coinbase: A Bitcoin wallet service infrastructure company offering payment processing solutions and acting as an intermediary for acquiring bitcoins.

Commodity-Backed Stablecoins: Stablecoins linked to the value of underlying commodity assets like gold and silver.

Commodities: Interchangeable raw materials such as wheat, sugar, gold, silver, copper, and silicon.

Consensus Mechanism: An algorithm employed by blockchain network participants to achieve agreement on the state of the blockchain ledger.

Confirmation: The process by which the network validates a transaction, making reversal improbable.

Cosmos (ATOM): A platform designed to connect independent blockchain networks, with ATOM as its native cryptocurrency.

CPU (Central Processing Unit): The main processor of a computer, formerly used in Bitcoin mining but now largely replaced by more specialized hardware.

Cross-Chain and Cross-Chain Message Transfer (XCMP): Refers to the transmission of data, tokenized assets, or information between distinct blockchain networks.

Cup Handle Formation: A long-term, gradual candlestick pattern used for price analysis of an asset.

Cryptocurrency: Digital information generated through solving mathematical problems based on cryptography.

Cryptography: Mathematical techniques designed to ensure information security principles, including confidentiality, authentication, and integrity.

Crypto Collateralized Loan: A financial arrangement where cryptocurrency is accepted as collateral for a loan in a different cryptocurrency or fiat currency.

Circulating Supply: The total quantity of tokens of a specific cryptocurrency available in the market.

D

DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization): An entity governed by its members, with regulations encoded in a computer program, operating independently of central authority.

DAI: An ERC-20 stablecoin token issued by the MakerDAO protocol on the Ethereum blockchain, used for collateral-backed loans without intermediaries.

DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service): An attack using numerous computers to deplete the resources of a centralized target.

dApp: Abbreviation for decentralized applications.

Day Trading: An investment strategy focused on generating profit through daily buy-and-sell transactions.

Dead Coins: Cryptocurrencies abandoned by failed projects, often referred to as "dead money."

Death Cross: A technical indicator signifying a downtrend, marked by the crossover of moving averages.

DeFi (Decentralized Finance): A term encompassing decentralized financial systems addressing traditional financial challenges using smart contracts.

Depeg: The scenario where a stablecoin deviates from its established pegged value.

Deflation: A period of consistently declining market prices or economic strategies to curb inflation.

Difficulty: A numerical value indicating the time required to produce a block in cryptocurrency mining.

Digital Identity: On the NEO network, a digital identity links users and entities to legally compliant, traceable, real-world identities.

Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT): A decentralized database where transactions are recorded simultaneously across multiple locations.

Double Spending: The act of using Bitcoin or other altcoins more than once, a risk in cryptocurrency transactions.

DYOR (Do Your Own Research): A reminder for investors to conduct their own research about the market and investment instruments.

Decentralized Decision Making: Smart DAO (SDAO) governance empowers token holders with a direct voice in the platform's evolution, ensuring the community actively shapes the DAO's future.

E

Electronic Signature: In cryptocurrency, the use of a private key to digitally authenticate a transaction.

Escrow: The process of holding funds or assets in a third-party account to safeguard value exchanged during a transaction.

Ether (ETH): The native cryptocurrency of the Ethereum blockchain.

EIP-4895 (Ethereum Shanghai Update): An enhancement releasing ETH that was staked during a previous upgrade.

ERC-20: A standard outlining regulations for cryptocurrency functionality on the Ethereum network.

ERC-721: A technical standard for implementing Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) on the Ethereum blockchain.

Ethereum: A decentralized and open-source blockchain established in 2015 by Vitalik Buterin, with Ether (ETH) as its native cryptocurrency.

Ethereum 2.0: An enhancement designed to improve the scalability of the Ethereum network.

Ethereum Rainbow Chart: A long-term valuation model for the Ethereum network based on Moore's Law.

Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM): A virtual machine operating on the Ethereum network, enabling the execution of smart contracts.

Exchange: A centralized platform for trading various currencies and assets, often used for cryptocurrency transactions and conversions.

eToro: A global brokerage firm offering Contracts for Difference (CFDs) across diverse asset classes, along with actual stocks and cryptocurrencies.

Esports Team Investment: A system where fans and investors can purchase team-specific tokens, enabling direct investment in esports teams. Token holders typically earn revenue shares from tournaments and sponsorships while engaging in governance and voting on team decisions. (For example, Gameness implements this system with $GNESS Tokens, allowing users to invest in esports teams and participate in their decision-making processes.)

F

Fan Token: Digital currencies acquired by supporters of various clubs, granting exclusive privileges.

Faucet: A method of distributing newly created cryptocurrency to incentivize early adoption.

Fiat Currency (Fiat Money): Legal tender money deriving its value solely from government designation, not backed by precious metals.

Fiat-Backed Stablecoin: Digital assets tied to the value of an underlying fiat currency at a 1:1 ratio.

Flag/Pennant Formation: Trend reversal patterns used in technical analysis, forming after significant price fluctuations.

FOMO (Fear of Missing Out): Refers to the fear of missing an opportunity or making an incorrect decision in the cryptocurrency market.

Fork: The establishment of an alternative version of the blockchain, typically arising when providers begin to issue divergent blocks of transactions.

FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array): A processing chip that can be configured for specific functions post-manufacture, used in some cryptocurrency mining operations.

G

Gas: Charges incurred for transactions on the Ethereum blockchain, measured in gwei.

Genesis Block: The inaugural block in a blockchain, lacking a reference to a predecessor block.

Gigahash: Quantity of potential hash attempts per second, quantified from billions of hashes.

Golden Cross: A technical indicator occurring when the 50-day moving average crosses above the 200-day moving average, signifying an upward trend.

Gwei: The smallest unit of Ether on the Ethereum blockchain, named in honor of computer engineer Wei Dai.

GPU (Graphics Processing Unit): A computer's graphics card, adept at handling cryptographic calculations essential for generating cryptocurrencies.

H

Hal Finney: A software developer and Bitcoin pioneer, recognized for executing the inaugural Bitcoin transaction with Satoshi.

HFSP: A term used to deride individuals who refrain from investing in cryptocurrencies.

Hodl: A term synonymous with "hold" in cryptocurrency markets, originating from a typo on the Bitcointalk forum.

Hold: The practice of retaining cryptocurrencies in a wallet for future use, as opposed to engaging in a buy-sell strategy.

Hashing: A mathematical operation processing variable data to generate a shorter, fixed-length output, crucial in cryptocurrency mining and security.

Hot Wallet: A cryptocurrency wallet connected to the internet, storing assets online.

Hybrid Network: A blockchain network integrating features of both private and public blockchains.

Hyperinflation: Extreme and swift price escalations caused by an oversupply of money within an economy.